Reuters/Jason
Reed (think IN pictures @1WORLDCommunity)
Diana.h - Peguam
dari Jabatan Kehakiman telah menggesa hakim untuk menghentikan tuntutan
mahkamah terhadap program pengintip NSA itu. Ini datang selepas keputusan hakim
sebelum ini bahawa koleksi NSA itu metadata adalah mungkin tidak mengikut
perlembagaan dan “hampir ‘Orwellian” dalam alam semula jadi.
Pada
hari Rabu, peguam kerajaan merayu kepada Mahkamah Daerah Amerika Syarikat Hakim
Richard Leon untuk meletakkan prosiding mahkamah ditahan untuk 2 tindakan
undang-undang terhadap NSA difailkan oleh aktivis undang-undang konservatif,
Larry Klayman.
Klayman
telah mencabar kesahihan program NSA yang mengumpul dan menyimpan metadata rakyat
Amerika secara besar-besaran.
Peguam-peguam
berhujah bahawa jika tindakan undang-undang dibenarkan untuk pergi lebih jauh,
mereka akan membawa kepada pendedahan maklumat rahsia yang akan mewakili “risiko
besar” kepada keselamatan negara.
“Plaintif
telah menjelaskan niat mereka untuk mendapatkan penemuan ini jenis maklumat
yang masih diklasifikasikan, mengenai sasaran dan mata pelajaran, pembekal, dan
butir-butir operasi lain yang dicabar program perisikan NSA yang mengambil
bahagian,” kata usul itu.
Dengan
cara ini, peguam-peguam mahu tindakan undang-undang digantung sehingga Mahkamah
Rayuan Amerika Syarikat untuk Daerah Columbia Litar mendengar rayuan Hakim Leon
16 - Disember yang memerintah bahawa perjumpaan tersebut NSA ini sejumlah besar
metadata mungkin telah menentang perlembagaan. Amerika Syarikat Jabatan
Pertahanan merayu pemerintah pada 3 Januari.
Dalam
pendengaran bulan lalu, Hakim Leon memutuskan bahawa perhimpunan metadata
berkemungkinan melanggar pindaan keempat, dalam kemunduran secara sah yang
penting yang pertama untuk agensi keselamatan kerajaan. Leon berkata kerajaan Amerika
Syarikat telah gagal untuk memetik satu contoh apabila analisis metadata telah
meng-halang serangan pengganas yang berpotensi.
“Saya
mempunyai keraguan yang serius tentang keberkesanan program koleksi metadata
sebagai satu cara menjalankan siasatan yang sensitif dalam kes-kes yang
melibatkan ancaman akan berlaku keganasan,” tulis Leon dalam ketetapan beliau.
Beliau menambah bahawa plaintif dapat menunjukkan bahawa kepentingan privasi
mereka “mengatasi” penuaian NSA itu data peribadi mereka.
“Teknologi
hampir – ‘Orwellian’ yang membolehkan kerajaan untuk menyimpan dan menganalisis
metadata telefon bagi setiap pengguna telefon di Amerika Syarikat adalah tidak
seperti apa-apa yang mungkin telah diilhamkan pada tahun 1979,” tulis Leon,
merujuk kepada keputusan mahkamah 1979 yang memerintah orang Amerika tidak mempunyai
privasi Pindaan Keempat hak kepada nombor telefon mereka panggil.
Sejak
bekas CIA kontraktor yang kini menjadi pemberi maklumat, Edward Snowden,
mendedahkan data terperingkat pada telatah mengintip NSA tahun lepas, kerajaan
Amerika telah dibenarkan program pengintipan sebagai sebagai demi kepentingan
kesela-matan negara dan memerangi keganasan.
Berikutan
keputusan Hakim Leon pada Disember, Hakim Daerah William Pauley di Manhattan
memutuskan bahawa program pengintip NSA itu adalah undang-undang dalam tuntutan
mahkamah yang berasingan yang dikemukakan oleh Kesatuan Kebebasan Sivil
Amerika. Pauley menyifatkan program pengawasan sebagai “balas menumbuk” dengan
keganasan dan berkata “alat ini tumpul hanya berfungsi kerana ia mengumpul
segala-galanya.”
“Teknologi
benarkan Al-Qaeda beroperasi berpusat dan merancang serangan pengganas
antarabangsa dari jauh. The telefoni pukal program koleksi metadata mewakili
balas menumbuk kerajaan,” Hakim Pauley membuat kesimpulan.
US govt
attempts to block lawsuit against NSA
Lawyers
from the Justice Department have urged a judge to halt a lawsuit against the
NSA’s spy programs. This comes after the judge’s previous ruling that the NSA’s
collection of metadata was likely unconstitutional and "almost Orwellian"
in nature.
On
Wednesday, government lawyers appealed to US District Court Judge Richard Leon
to put court proceedings on hold for two lawsuits against the NSA filed by
conservative legal activist, Larry Klayman.
Klayman
has challenged the legality of the NSA’s programs that collect and store the
metadata of American citizens on a massive scale.
The
lawyers argued that if the lawsuits were allowed to go further, they would lead
to the disclosure of classified information which would represent a
“significant risk” to national security.
“Plaintiffs
have made clear their intentions to seek discovery of this kind of
still-classified information, concerning targets and subjects, participating
providers, and other operational details of the challenged NSA intelligence
programs,” said the motion.
In
this way, the lawyers want the lawsuits suspended until the US Court of Appeals
for the District of Columbia Circuit hears an appeal of Judge Leon’s
December-16 ruling that the NSA’s gathering of massive amounts of metadata
probably went against the constitution. The US Department of Defense appealed
the ruling on January 3.
In
last month’s hearing, Judge Leon ruled that the gathering of metadata was
likely in breach of the fourth amendment, in the first significant legal
setback for the government security agency. Leon noted that the US government
has failed to cite a single example of when the analysis of metadata has
prevented a potential terrorist attack.
“I
have serious doubts about the efficacy of the metadata collection program as a
means of conducting time-sensitive investigations in cases involving imminent
threats of terrorism,” wrote Leon in his ruling. He added that the plaintiffs
were able to show that their privacy interests “outweighed” the NSA’s
harvesting of their personal data.
“The
almost-Orwellian technology that enables the government to store and analyze
the phone metadata of every telephone user in the United States is unlike
anything that could have been conceived in 1979,” wrote Leon, referring to a
1979 court decision that ruled Americans do not have a Fourth Amendment privacy
right to phone numbers they call.
Since
former CIA contractor-turned whistleblower, Edward Snowden, revealed classified
data on the NSA’s spying antics last year, the American government has
justified its espionage programs as being in the interests of national security
and the fight against terrorism.
Following
Judge Leon’s ruling in December, District Judge William Pauley in Manhattan
ruled that the NSA’s spy programs were legal in a separate lawsuit lodged by
the American Civil Liberties Union. Pauley described the surveillance programs
as the “counter-punch” to terrorism and said "this blunt tool only works
because it collects everything."
“Technology
allowed Al-Qaeda to operate decentralized and plot international terrorist
attacks remotely. The bulk telephony metadata collection program represents the
government's counter-punch,” Judge Pauley concluded.
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